Dr. Sophia Besch is a Fellow in the Europe Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Her area of expertise is European defense policy.

Previously, Dr. Besch was a senior research fellow at the Centre for European Reform (CER) in London and Berlin, where she led research on European defense industrial policy, the EU’s role in European defense, German defense policy, and the security implications of Brexit.

She holds a doctorate in European Studies from King's College London, and degrees in international relations and international security from Sciences Po Paris and the London School of Economics.